Deforestation refers to the clearing of trees and other vegetation for human purposes. It is a major global concern with many negative effects that are felt globally as well as locally, such as loss of biodiversity, habitat destruction, soil erosion, climate change and increased vulnerability to floods and droughts. The most significant cause of deforestation is commercial logging for wood products like paper and construction lumber, as well as agricultural products such as soy and palm oil used in food and cosmetics. Mining for minerals and fossil fuels also leads to deforestation, as the extraction of these resources often requires large areas of land.

Wildlife populations are severely impacted by deforestation, as the loss of habitat limits their range and ability to find food sources. In addition, dense forests protect wildlife from pathogens through their canopy, but when this is removed animals are exposed to disease and parasites more easily. In fact, one study found that animals living in deforested areas have a hormone imbalance, making them more susceptible to illness and infection.

Without forest cover, rainfall patterns are disrupted, which can lead to flooding and other issues for people living downstream. Additionally, soil quality is reduced as trees help to hold the earth together and add nutrients through their roots.

Finally, when lands are cleared for agriculture, logging or infrastructure development, it displaces the Indigenous Peoples and local communities that live in these forests. These communities rely on the natural landscape for food, water, medicine and income, and in some cases are evicted by governments that fail to seek their consultation and consent before beginning projects.